Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to sort a result set using the MySQL ORDER BY
clause.
Introduction to MySQL ORDER BY
clause
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When you use the SELECT
statement to query data from a table, the result set is not sorted. It means that the rows in the result set can be in any order.
To sort the result set, you add the ORDER BY
clause to the SELECT
statement. The following illustrates the syntax of the ORDER BY
clause:
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In this syntax, you specify the one or more columns which you want to sort after the ORDER BY
clause.
The ASC
stands for ascending and the DESC
stands for descending. You use ASC
to sort the result set in ascending order and DESC
to sort the result set in descending order.
This ORDER BY
clause sorts the result set in ascending order:
And this ORDER BY
clause sorts the result set in descending order:
By default, the ORDER BY
clause uses ASC
if you don’t explicitly specify any option.
Therefore, the following clauses are equivalent:
and
If you want to sort the result set by multiple columns, you specify a comma-separated list of columns in the ORDER BY
clause:
It is possible to sort the result by a column in ascending order, and then by another column in descending order:
In this case, the ORDER BY
clause:
- First, sort the result set by the values in the
column1
in ascending order. - Then, sort the sorted result set by the values in the
column2
in descending order. Note that the order of values in thecolumn1
will not change in this step, only the order of values in thecolumn2
changes.
Note that the ORDER BY
clause is always evaluated after the FROM
and SELECT
clause.
MySQL ORDER BY
examples
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We’ll use the customers
table from the sample database for the demonstration.
A) Using MySQL ORDER BY
clause to sort values in one column example
The following query uses the ORDER BY
clause to sort the customers by the values in the contactLastName
column in ascending order.
If you want to sort customers by the last name in the descending order, you use the DESC
after the contactLastname
column in the ORDER BY
clause as shown in the following query:
B) Using MySQL ORDER BY
clause to sort values in multiple columns example
If you want to sort the customers by the last name in descending order and then by the first name in ascending order, you specify both DESC
and ASC
in the corresponding column as follows:
In this example, the ORDER BY
clause sorts the result set by the last name in descending order first and then sorts the sorted result set by the first name in ascending order to produce the final result set.
C) Using MySQL ORDER BY
to sort a result set by an expression example
See the following orderdetails
table from the sample database.
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To make the query more readable, you can assign the expression in the SELECT
clause a column alias and use that column alias in the ORDER BY
clause as shown in the following query:
In this example, we used subtotal
as the column alias for the expression quantityOrdered * priceEach
and sorted the result set by the subtotal
alias. Xpc laptops & desktops driver download for windows 10.
The column alias can be used in the ORDER BY
clause because the SELECT
clause is evaluated before the ORDER BY
clause. By the time the ORDER BY
clause is evaluated, the column alias is accessible.
Using MySQL ORDER BY
to sort data using a custom list
The ORDER BY
clause allows you to sort data using a custom list by using the FIELD()
function.
See the following orders
table from the sample database.
Suppose that you want to sort the sales orders based on their statuses in the following order:
- In Process
- On Hold
- Canceled
- Resolved
- Disputed
- Shipped
To do this, you can use the FIELD()
function to map each order status to a number and sort the result by the result of the FIELD()
function:
The following expression:
returns the index of the status
in the list 'In Process', 'On Hold', 'Cancelled', 'Resolved', 'Disputed', 'Shipped'
.
For example, if the status
is In Process
, the function will return 1. If the status
is On Hold
, the function will return 2, and so on.
In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the MySQL ORDER BY
clause to sort rows in the result set by one or more columns in ascending or descending order.
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